Hyperpigmentation and Treatment choices

Pigmentation

Pigmentation means coloring
Skin Pigmentation varies according to racial origin and sun exposure
Skin cells give skin color by making a substance called melanin
When these cells become damaged or unhealthy, it affects melanin production
Some pigmentation disorders affect just patches of skin. Others affect entire body

Hyperpigmentation

•Hyperpigmentation results from increased melanin, which may occur in the epidermis, dermis, or both
•May happen either by:
•A heightened activity or number of melanocytes in these instances

1.Melanotic hyperpigmentation
      Increased melanocyte number

2.Melanocytic hyperpigmentation
      Normal melanocyte number but increased melanin production

3.Dermal hyperpigmentation
     Increased melanin within the dermis

Treatment Options

First-line therapy

   Hydroquinone 4%*
   Sunscreen
 
Additional treatment needed after 8–12 weeks of therapy
 

Combination therapy:

HQ plus other depigmenting agents
OR
HQ, retinoid, corticosteroid
 

Chemexfoliation

1.Glycolic acid
2.Salicylic acid
3.Trichloroacetic acid^
4.Laser/light therapy
 

First-line therapy for HQ allergy or prior long-term use

Other depigmenting agents

1.Tretinoin
2.Adapalene
3.Tazarotene
4.Mequinol
5.Azelaic acid
6.Sunscreen
Additional treatment